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Welcome to this small MsSpec tour
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../Activity03/Activity03.html">Activity 3: Adsorbates and the single scattering approach</a></li>
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<h1>Activity 1: Getting started</h1>
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<h2> Contents </h2>
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<li class="toc-h2 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#building-atomic-systems">Building atomic systems</a></li>
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<li class="toc-h2 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#barebone-script-for-msspec">Barebone script for MsSpec</a><ul class="nav section-nav flex-column">
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<li class="toc-h3 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#ped-polar-scan-for-cu-001">PED polar scan for Cu(001)</a></li>
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<li class="toc-h2 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#shaping-a-cluster">Shaping a cluster</a></li>
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<section class="tex2jax_ignore mathjax_ignore" id="activity-1-getting-started">
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<h1>Activity 1: Getting started<a class="headerlink" href="#activity-1-getting-started" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h1>
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<p>MsSpec is a Fortran code with two components: Phagen (Written by R. Natoli) and Spec (written by D. Sébilleau). Phagen computes the phase shifts of the electronic wave propagating in the matter on a spherical harmonics basis. Spec uses those phase shifts to compute the multiple scattering process and simulate the intensity of different electronic spectroscopies.</p>
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<p>In the most recent version of MsSpec, the program is interfaced with python (<a class="reference external" href="https://msspec.cnrs.fr/">https://msspec.cnrs.fr/</a>), allowing for much more flexibility and interplay with other simulation techniques.</p>
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<section id="building-atomic-systems">
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<h2>Building atomic systems<a class="headerlink" href="#building-atomic-systems" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
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<p>MsSpec works in the <em>cluster</em> approach. Building such a cluster for a calculation is a fundamental step.
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We use the <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.fysik.dtu.dk/ase/">python Atomic Simulation Environment (ASE)</a> for this.</p>
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<p>ASE is a set of tools and Python modules for setting up, manipulating, running, visualizing and analyzing atomistic simulations.
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Building atomic systems, structures… is pretty straightforward:</p>
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<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># To build a molecule with ASE</span>
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<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">ase.build</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">molecule</span>
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<span class="c1"># To view</span>
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<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">ase.visualize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">view</span>
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<span class="c1"># Create a water molecule</span>
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<span class="n">water</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">molecule</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'H2O'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="c1"># Display it</span>
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<span class="n">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">water</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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<section id="barebone-script-for-msspec">
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<h2>Barebone script for MsSpec<a class="headerlink" href="#barebone-script-for-msspec" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
|
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<p>MsSpec can simulate different electronic spectroscopies like PED, AED, LEED, EXAFS, APECS and more will be included in the forthcoming version. However, it is really well-suited for PhotoElectron Diffraction simulation, and the python interface is only fully available for it at the moment. Since PED covers all the MsSpec features and concepts, we will focus on this technique.</p>
|
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<p>There are typically 3 steps to follow to get a result with MsSpec:</p>
|
|
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
|
<li><p>Create a <em>cluster</em></p></li>
|
|
<li><p>Create an ASE <em>calculator</em></p></li>
|
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<li><p>Run the simulation</p></li>
|
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</ol>
|
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<section id="ped-polar-scan-for-cu-001">
|
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<h3>PED polar scan for Cu(001)<a class="headerlink" href="#ped-polar-scan-for-cu-001" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
|
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos">1</span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">ase.io</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">read</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">2</span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">msspec.calculator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">MSSPEC</span>
|
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<span class="linenos">3</span>
|
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<span class="linenos">4</span>
|
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<span class="linenos">5</span><span class="n">cluster</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'copper.cif'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">6</span><span class="c1"># view the cluster</span>
|
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<span class="linenos">7</span><span class="n">cluster</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">edit</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
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<span class="linenos">8</span>
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</pre></div>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos"> 9</span><span class="c1"># The "emitter" atom is located in the middle of the 3rd plane</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">10</span><span class="n">cluster</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">emitter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">11</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">12</span><span class="c1"># Create a "calculator"</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">13</span><span class="n">calc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MSSPEC</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">spectroscopy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'PED'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">algorithm</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'inversion'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">14</span><span class="n">calc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_atoms</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cluster</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">15</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">16</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">calc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_theta_scan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">level</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'2p3/2'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">17</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">18</span><span class="c1"># Plot the result with the interactive GUI</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">19</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">view</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">20</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">21</span><span class="c1"># Or plot using matplotlib directly</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">22</span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">matplotlib</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">plt</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">23</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">views</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
<span class="linenos">24</span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<figure class="align-default" id="cu-xpd">
|
|
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../_images/fig1.png"><img alt="../_images/fig1.png" class="align-center" src="../_images/fig1.png" style="width: 600px;" />
|
|
</a>
|
|
<figcaption>
|
|
<p><span class="caption-number">Fig. 1 </span><span class="caption-text">Cu(2p) polar scan for the copper cluster above</span><a class="headerlink" href="#cu-xpd" title="Link to this image">#</a></p>
|
|
</figcaption>
|
|
</figure>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section id="shaping-a-cluster">
|
|
<h2>Shaping a cluster<a class="headerlink" href="#shaping-a-cluster" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
|
|
<div class="sd-tab-set docutils">
|
|
<input checked="checked" id="sd-tab-item-0" name="sd-tab-set-0" type="radio">
|
|
<label class="sd-tab-label" for="sd-tab-item-0">
|
|
<i class="fa-solid fa-circle-question"></i> Quiz</label><div class="sd-tab-content docutils">
|
|
<p>Based on the previous *.cif file, create a new cluster without the deepest plane and run the same calculation for the same emitter</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition note">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|
<p>As the cluster will contain fewer atoms, the emitter index will be different</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>What do you conclude ?</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="toggle docutils container">
|
|
<figure class="align-default" id="cu-4planes3planes">
|
|
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../_images/fig2.png"><img alt="../_images/fig2.png" class="align-center" src="../_images/fig2.png" style="width: 600px;" />
|
|
</a>
|
|
<figcaption>
|
|
<p><span class="caption-number">Fig. 2 </span><span class="caption-text">Comparison between 4 and 3 planes for an emitter in the 3<sup>rd</sup> plane.</span><a class="headerlink" href="#cu-4planes3planes" title="Link to this image">#</a></p>
|
|
</figcaption>
|
|
</figure>
|
|
<p>Not all atoms contribute equally to the total signal. Some of them can be removed to save computation time and memory.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>The number of atoms used for the calculation greatly impact the calculation time and memory. Most of the time, a cluster is shaped as an hemisphere to minimize the number of atoms to take into account</p>
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<div class="cell tag_remove-output docutils container">
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<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">msspec.calculator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">MSSPEC</span>
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<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">msspec.utils</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">hemispherical_cluster</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">get_atom_index</span>
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<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">ase.build</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">bulk</span>
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<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">ase.visualize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">view</span>
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<span class="n">copper</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">bulk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Cu'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cubic</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">cluster</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">hemispherical_cluster</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">copper</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">planes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">emitter_plane</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">cluster</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">emitter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">get_atom_index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cluster</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cluster</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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<figure class="align-default" id="cu-hemi">
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<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../_images/fig3.png"><img alt="../_images/fig3.png" class="align-center" src="../_images/fig3.png" style="width: 600px;" />
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</a>
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<figcaption>
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<p><span class="caption-number">Fig. 3 </span><span class="caption-text">Cu(2p) polar scan for the hemispherical cluster.</span><a class="headerlink" href="#cu-hemi" title="Link to this image">#</a></p>
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<i class="fa-solid fa-list"></i> Contents
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<li class="toc-h2 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#building-atomic-systems">Building atomic systems</a></li>
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<li class="toc-h2 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#barebone-script-for-msspec">Barebone script for MsSpec</a><ul class="nav section-nav flex-column">
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<li class="toc-h3 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#ped-polar-scan-for-cu-001">PED polar scan for Cu(001)</a></li>
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<li class="toc-h2 nav-item toc-entry"><a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#shaping-a-cluster">Shaping a cluster</a></li>
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